I don’t fully understand sorry, can you give us more details? In the research you mention, where does the 20% energy saving come from, meaning compared to what? Homes should be airtight and have a suitable amount of insulation for the climate zone where they are built whether the roof is vented or unvented. read more here -
As for your other question, yes, duct work should be kept within the conditioned space. Running heating vents through a frozen attic would result in significant heat loss, and in hot climates, running air conditioning ducts through a hot attic will be a completely unnecessary loss of energy as well. What climate zone are you building in? and are you doing renovations or is this for a new home build?
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I don’t fully understand sorry, can you give us more details? In the research you mention, where does the 20% energy saving come from, meaning compared to what? Homes should be airtight and have a suitable amount of insulation for the climate zone where they are built whether the roof is vented or unvented. read more here -
How much insulation does a home need?
How to install an air barrier to reduce air leakage and energy loss
As for your other question, yes, duct work should be kept within the conditioned space. Running heating vents through a frozen attic would result in significant heat loss, and in hot climates, running air conditioning ducts through a hot attic will be a completely unnecessary loss of energy as well. What climate zone are you building in? and are you doing renovations or is this for a new home build?